The most comprehensive interpretation of the USB Type-C connector standard
USB Type-C (USB-C) is the latest USB interface standard, and its application in various fields is rapidly spreading. This article describes the performance characteristics of the USB-C connector, as well as the USB-C related USB PD and USB 3.1 second generation and other related power and data transmission specifications and features, while using CUI's USB-C interface products for For example, the selection of USB interface products is introduced to help developers understand the USB-C standard and select the high-quality USB-C interface or cable assembly.
"Faster, higher, stronger" is our familiar Olympic motto. If you use this adage in the electronics industry, it should be "faster, smaller, easier to use" - this is the new standard for USB connectivity. Shouting.
As you may have already seen, the latest USB Type-C (USB-CTM) ports are widely used in the next generation of computing products currently on sale, and this trend is expected to be further strengthened in the future, as USB-C is available through a single cable. A unique ability to connect to transmit data, power, and even audio.
Market analyst firm ABIResearch believes that we have reached the critical point of USB Type-C commercial; by 2021, global shipments of smartphones equipped with such USB connectors are estimated to reach 830 million units.
With a width of only 9mm and a height of only 3.5mm, this connector is much smaller than previous generations of connectors, allowing device manufacturers to develop smaller devices. Its advent is just the right time to perfectly meet the needs of emerging products, such as home automation and IoT devices, including smart sensors that work seamlessly with this smaller, simpler, latest connector package.
Unusable ease of use
Cables for USB-C applications can be plugged in from either end to meet the power requirements of devices such as laptops, eliminating the need for users to carry multiple cables for different purposes.
This versatility stems from a more complex structure inside the connector (Figure 1). First, it has more wires. USB Type-A and Type-B connectors require four or five wires - unlike them, USB-C includes 24 contacts, allowing bidirectional insertion, and supports four power and ground pairs, as well as two signal pairs. . In addition, its rated durability has increased to 10,000 insertions and exports, a significant increase from the previous version of 1,500 plugs.
The USB-C's power and ground pair are rated for voltages up to 20V, current ratings are increased, and the total rating is 5A, providing up to 100W of power transfer over a single USB-C connection. In addition, each data pin pair can manage data transfer rates of up to 10 Gbps, which means the connector's total transfer capacity reaches 20 Gbps.
Faster data and higher power transfer
The latest data and power specifications of USB-IF force us to significantly increase the USB-C's transmission capabilities, especially in USB Power Delivery (USB PD), USB 3.1 Generation 2 and recently finalized USB 3.2 high-speed data specifications:
USB PD utilizes all four power and ground pairs to maximize the USB-C's 100W power transfer capability
USB 3.1 Generation 2 uses a set of data channels to define a 10Gbps transfer rate
Similarly, USB 3.2 controls two sets of 10 Gbps data channels to maintain transmission rates of up to 20 Gbps.
Conceptually, distinguishing the USB-C standard (physical connections only) from USB PD and high-speed data specifications (including USB 3.1 Generation 1 (SuperSpeed) and USB 3.1 Generation 2 (SuperSpeed +), and USB 3.2) Opening is very important.
For example, although the USB-C connector is designed to support the USB PD standard, to negotiate and manage power delivery to interconnected devices, a USBPD-compatible host controller must still be available. In addition, the cable must be configured to support this standard.
High quality USB-C connector selection
Obviously, not all USB-C connectors or cable assemblies are “born equal”, and premium products offer better performance and more reliable communication over longer cables.
In addition to considering the quality of materials and USB-C connectors for future products, designers can choose between two versions of Type-C sockets, see Figure 2. Traditionally, standard SMT mounting sockets are located above the PCB. In this case, however, the total assembly height is the sum of the PCB thickness and the connector height. Alternatively, the intermediate mount connector can be mounted to the recess in the PCB; although this reduces the overall assembly height, the intermediate mount connector does not allow for signal lines to be routed under the connector.
Summary of this article
As you may have already seen, the latest USB Type-C (USB-CTM) ports are widely used in the next generation of computing products currently on sale, and this trend is expected to be further strengthened in the future, as USB-C is available through a single cable. A unique ability to connect to transmit data, power, and even audio.
Market analyst firm ABIResearch believes that we have reached the critical point of USB Type-C commercial; by 2021, global shipments of smartphones equipped with such USB connectors are estimated to reach 830 million units.
With a width of only 9mm and a height of only 3.5mm, this connector is much smaller than previous generations of connectors, allowing device manufacturers to develop smaller devices. Its advent is just the right time to perfectly meet the needs of emerging products, such as home automation and IoT devices, including smart sensors that work seamlessly with this smaller, simpler, latest connector package.
Unusable ease of use
Cables for USB-C applications can be plugged in from either end to meet the power requirements of devices such as laptops, eliminating the need for users to carry multiple cables for different purposes.
This versatility stems from a more complex structure inside the connector (Figure 1). First, it has more wires. USB Type-A and Type-B connectors require four or five wires - unlike them, USB-C includes 24 contacts, allowing bidirectional insertion, and supports four power and ground pairs, as well as two signal pairs. . In addition, its rated durability has increased to 10,000 insertions and exports, a significant increase from the previous version of 1,500 plugs.
Faster data and higher power transfer
The latest data and power specifications of USB-IF force us to significantly increase the USB-C's transmission capabilities, especially in USB Power Delivery (USB PD), USB 3.1 Generation 2 and recently finalized USB 3.2 high-speed data specifications:
USB PD utilizes all four power and ground pairs to maximize the USB-C's 100W power transfer capability
USB 3.1 Generation 2 uses a set of data channels to define a 10Gbps transfer rate
Similarly, USB 3.2 controls two sets of 10 Gbps data channels to maintain transmission rates of up to 20 Gbps.
Conceptually, distinguishing the USB-C standard (physical connections only) from USB PD and high-speed data specifications (including USB 3.1 Generation 1 (SuperSpeed) and USB 3.1 Generation 2 (SuperSpeed +), and USB 3.2) Opening is very important.
For example, although the USB-C connector is designed to support the USB PD standard, to negotiate and manage power delivery to interconnected devices, a USBPD-compatible host controller must still be available. In addition, the cable must be configured to support this standard.
USB PD not only increases power, it also facilitates bidirectional power transfer, which greatly increases the flexibility of charging and powering user equipment. On this basis, since the USBPD can perform power negotiation through the VBUS connection instead of using a data connection, it can simultaneously transmit power and data streams. 
Table 1 shows the upgrade process of USB transport capabilities in recent generations.
In terms of high-speed data specifications, the second generation of USB 3.1 defines data and power signals, but does not specify physical connections. This allows us to connect USB 3.1 Gen 2 devices with conventional Type-A or Type-B connectors and cables and achieve data transfer rates of 10 Gbps as long as they have sufficient current, voltage and signal integrity characteristics. Similarly, we can use a simple hardware adapter to provide traditional connectivity standards such as USB 2.0 using a USB-C connector.High quality USB-C connector selection
Obviously, not all USB-C connectors or cable assemblies are “born equal”, and premium products offer better performance and more reliable communication over longer cables.
In addition to considering the quality of materials and USB-C connectors for future products, designers can choose between two versions of Type-C sockets, see Figure 2. Traditionally, standard SMT mounting sockets are located above the PCB. In this case, however, the total assembly height is the sum of the PCB thickness and the connector height. Alternatively, the intermediate mount connector can be mounted to the recess in the PCB; although this reduces the overall assembly height, the intermediate mount connector does not allow for signal lines to be routed under the connector.
In the consumer electronics market, the use of USB Type-C connectors is rapidly gaining popularity. To meet this ever-increasing demand, electronic component manufacturer Konnra Electronics offers a range of high quality USB Type-C plugs and sockets, including SMT and intermediate mounting types. These connectors are designed to achieve the communication rates defined in the USB 3.1 Gen 2 specification while meeting the current and future needs of designers.
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